Overview

Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats irregularly. It might beat too quickly, too slowly, or in a way that isn't even. The heart usually follows a steady electrical system that maintains its rhythm and keeps it in sync. If this system is broken, the timing of each heartbeat changes, which can make it harder for blood to flow through the body. Some arrhythmias are not dangerous and happen from time to time, while others can be more serious and need medical attention. The experience can be very different for each person.

Symptoms
Many people experience palpitations when their hearts race, flutter, or skip beats. Some people may feel dizzy, lightheaded, or very tired. You might also have trouble breathing and chest pain, especially if the rhythm problem makes it harder for your heart to pump blood. In more serious cases, people may pass out or feel like they are going to pass out. But not everyone has symptoms, and some people find out they have arrhythmias during routine check-ups or tests for other reasons.

Causes
Many things can cause arrhythmias. They are often caused by heart problems like coronary artery disease, heart failure, or damage to the heart that has already happened. Thyroid problems, high blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances can also alter the heart's rhythm. Stress, too much caffeine, alcohol, smoking, or not getting enough sleep are all things that can cause episodes. Some infections and medications can also mess up the heart's electrical signals. In some instances, a definitive cause is not identified.

Diagnosis
An ECG, which records the heart's electrical activity, is usually the first step in diagnosis. If the irregular rhythm doesn't occur during the test, doctors may suggest keeping the patient under observation for a longer period with a Holter monitor or similar device. Thyroid or electrolyte problems could be the cause, so blood tests might be performed. In some cases, additional tests are performed to determine the arrhythmia's pattern and severity.

Treatment
The kind and severity of the arrhythmia will determine how it is treated. In mild cases, simply watching and making lifestyle changes may be enough. People often take medicine to bring their heart rate back to normal or to keep it steady. In some cases, doctors may suggest procedures such as catheter ablation or the placement of a device, such as a pacemaker. Most people can manage their symptoms well and go about their daily lives without too many problems if they take the right approach.