Overview

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the left ventricle, the heart's main pumping chamber, becomes enlarged and stretched. The muscle gets thinner and weaker as it gets bigger, so it can't pump blood as well as it should. The heart doesn't push blood out forcefully; instead, it struggles to meet the body's needs. Over time, this can cause signs of heart failure. The condition may progress gradually over time or, at times, more rapidly, contingent upon the underlying cause. It can affect people of all ages.

Symptoms
Symptoms often get worse over time. Many people notice they have trouble breathing, especially when they are active or lying down. People get tired a lot, even when they are doing normal things. Fluid buildup can make the legs, ankles, or feet swell. Some people have palpitations or irregular heartbeats, while others may feel dizzy or lightheaded. In some cases, the symptoms may not be clear at first and only become apparent as the condition worsens.

Causes
Many factors can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. It runs in some families, suggesting a genetic link. It can also happen after a viral infection that damages the heart muscle. Long-term drinking, some medicines, and high blood pressure that isn't controlled are all known to make things worse. Some illnesses, such as thyroid problems or severe nutritional deficiencies, can also weaken the heart. But in many cases, the exact cause isn't clear.

Diagnosis
A physical exam and a discussion of symptoms are usually the first steps in diagnosing. One of the most important tests is an echocardiogram, which shows the size of the heart and how well it is pumping. You can use an ECG to check your heart rhythm, and blood tests can help find the root cause. More tests or imaging may be needed to better assess how the heart is functioning.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to improve heart function, ease symptoms, and prevent complications. People often take medicine to help their hearts pump more effectively and prevent fluid from building up. It's important to make lifestyle changes, such as cutting back on salt, avoiding alcohol, and staying active within safe limits. Sometimes, doctors may suggest using devices or doing certain things. Many people can manage the condition and keep a stable quality of life with the right care and regular follow-up.