Overview

Heart failure is when the heart can't pump blood as well as it should. It doesn't mean the heart has stopped working; it just means it can't keep up with the body's needs. When this happens, blood and fluid can build up, potentially harming the lungs, legs, and other parts of the body. The condition can get worse slowly over time or suddenly after something like a heart attack. It can mean that the heart is too weak to pump blood properly or too stiff to fill with blood quickly.

Symptoms
Shortness of breath is the most common sign, especially when you are active or lying flat. A lot of people also feel very tired, even after doing very little. Fluid buildup can cause swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet. Some people may notice they gain weight quickly over a few days. This is often due to fluid retention. You might also have a cough that won't go away, a heavy feeling in your chest, or a fast heartbeat. Symptoms often worsen over time, but in some cases, they can worsen suddenly.

Causes
Heart failure usually happens when other things put stress on the heart over time. Coronary artery disease, high blood pressure that has been high for a long time, past heart attacks, and problems with heart valves are some of the most common causes. Diabetes, being overweight, and drinking too much alcohol over a long period of time can also make the heart weaker. Heart failure can happen when infections or diseases directly affect the heart muscle.

Diagnosis
A physical exam and a close look at the symptoms are the first steps in diagnosis. Doctors may listen for signs of fluid buildup in the lungs or swelling in the body. Blood tests, ECGs, and chest imaging are common tests. An echocardiogram is very important because it shows how well the heart is pumping and whether its structure is changing. These tests help determine how severe the heart failure is and what type it is.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to improve heart function, ease symptoms, and prevent the disease from worsening. This usually includes medicines that help the heart pump more effectively, lower blood pressure, and prevent fluid buildup. Making lifestyle changes, such as eating less salt, staying active, and keeping your weight under control, is very important. In more serious cases, devices or procedures may be necessary. Many people can control their symptoms and live a stable, active life with the right treatment and regular check-ups.