Overview

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that changes how the intestines work without causing any visible damage to the structure. It is marked by intermittent stomach pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS doesn't permanently damage the digestive tract, but it can have a big impact on daily life and health. People with this condition may have diarrhoea, constipation, or both at different times. IBS is more common in young and middle-aged adults, and it is often linked to stress and a sensitive gut. Identifying symptoms early and tailoring treatment to each person helps keep them under control.

Symptoms
Common symptoms are stomach pain or cramping that comes and goes, bloating, and changes in how often you go to the bathroom, like diarrhoea, constipation, or both. People may feel better after they have a bowel movement. Having too much gas, mucus in your stool, and feeling like you haven't fully emptied your bowels are all common. Symptoms often change and can get worse when you're stressed, eat certain foods, or go through hormonal changes.

Causes
The exact causes of IBS are still unknown. People think it has to do with the intestines being more sensitive, the gut moving too slowly, and the brain and digestive system not communicating properly. Stress, certain foods, infections, or changes in gut bacteria can all be triggers.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis relies on symptoms and the elimination of alternative conditions. Doctors review your medical history and perform a physical exam. Blood tests and stool studies can help rule out infections and inflammatory diseases. In certain cases, colonoscopy may be recommended, particularly when symptoms such as weight loss or bleeding are present.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and improve quality of life. People are often told to change their diets by eating more fibre or avoiding foods that make them feel bad. Managing stress and getting regular exercise can help keep your bowels working properly. Doctors may give you medicine to help with pain, diarrhoea, constipation, and spasms in the intestines. Some people can benefit from counselling or behavioural therapy.

IBS is a long-term condition that can be managed. Symptoms may change over time, but many people can manage them effectively with lifestyle changes and treatment. Self-care, stress management, and ongoing medical advice help people keep going with their daily lives.