Overview

Osteoporosis is a long-term bone disease that makes bones weak and fragile by reducing bone density and weakening their structure. As bones get weaker, the chance of breaking them goes up. Osteoporosis can take a long time to develop and is often only found out after a fracture. It mostly affects older people, especially women who have gone through menopause, but men can also get it. The hip, spine, and wrist are the bones most likely to be injured. To lower the risk of fractures and keep bones healthy, it's important to catch problems early and get preventive care.

Symptoms
People often call osteoporosis a "silent disease" because it doesn't usually show any signs of illness in the early stages. People with this condition may break bones, especially in the hip, spine, or wrist, as it gets worse. Broken spine bones can cause back pain, a loss of height, and a hunched back. Fractures can happen after small injuries or falls that wouldn't normally break bones.

Causes
Ageing is a big risk factor because bone mass naturally decreases with time. Changes in hormones, especially lower estrogen levels after menopause, raise the risk a lot. Other reasons include not getting enough calcium and vitamin D, not being active, smoking, drinking too much alcohol, taking certain medications for a long time, and medical conditions that change hormone levels.

Diagnosis
A bone mineral density test, such as a DEXA scan, is often used to diagnose. This test measures bone strength. It's also important to look at your medical history, fracture history, and risk factors. Blood tests may be used to rule out other conditions that affect bone function.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to slow bone loss, strengthen bones, and prevent fractures. This includes taking medicines that make bones stronger and getting enough calcium and vitamin D. We strongly suggest that you do exercises that build muscle and support your weight. It's important to make lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and drinking less alcohol. Strategies to prevent falls, along with regular follow-up, can help keep people mobile and reduce complications.

Osteoporosis is a long-term disease, but getting it diagnosed early and treating it correctly greatly lowers the risk of breaking bones. Many people can remain independent and maintain a good quality of life with treatment, lifestyle changes, and regular checkups.