Overview

Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that happens when rheumatic fever damages the heart valves. Rheumatic fever is a reaction that can happen after a throat infection that wasn't treated or wasn't treated well, usually when you're a child. While the immune system is fighting the infection, it also affects the heart. Over time, this causes the valves to scar, which makes them hard or leaky. It doesn't usually show up right away; symptoms can take years to appear.

Symptoms
At first, there might not be any obvious signs. As valve damage worsens, people may start to feel short of breath, especially when active. Even simple tasks can make you tired. Some people may feel chest pain or feel like their heart is beating too fast. In later stages, the legs or ankles may swell. A heart murmur found during a routine check-up is often the first sign.

Causes
The primary cause is an untreated streptococcal throat infection (strep throat). The immune system's response to this infection mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, including heart valves. Repeated infections raise the chance of long-term harm.

Diagnosis
The most important test for assessing valve health and detecting damage is an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram is performed to get a better picture of how the heart is affected. Other tests, such as an ECG or chest imaging, may be performed.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to keep symptoms under control, prevent further damage, and prevent infections from recurring. Medications can help with symptoms and keep the heart working properly. People often get long-term antibiotics to stop infections from coming back. In severe cases, surgery or other procedures may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves. Many people can manage the condition and live a good life with the right care and regular checkups.