Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune disease that mostly affects the joints. Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear, while rheumatoid arthritis is caused by the immune system attacking the synovium, the lining of the joints. If left untreated, it can cause inflammation, pain, and swelling that can damage and deform the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis usually affects the same joints on both sides of the body, like the hands, wrists, and knees. It can happen to people of any age, but it is most often diagnosed in middle adulthood and is more common in women.

Symptoms
Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and warmth are common symptoms, especially in the morning or after prolonged sitting. Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour is common. You might also feel tired, have a fever, and be weak all over. As the disease progresses, joints may lose their shape and alignment, making it harder to move around and do everyday things.

Causes
The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. People think it happens because of a mix of genetic and environmental factors, like infections or smoking. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue, which causes long-term swelling. Hormonal factors might also be involved, which could be why the condition is more common in women.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on physical exams, clinical symptoms, and lab tests. Blood tests can detect signs of inflammation and specific antibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis. X-rays and ultrasounds are examples of imaging tests that can help determine the extent of the damage and how quickly the disease is worsening.

Treatment
The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, ease pain, prevent joint damage, and maintain joint function. The main part of treatment is drugs that help the immune system work less hard. People also use painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Physical therapy helps keep your joints strong and flexible. Changes to your lifestyle, like working out regularly and protecting your joints, are very important. Early treatment makes a big difference in the long run.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term illness, but modern treatments and early diagnosis have made things a lot better. Many people can manage their symptoms well and lead active, productive lives.