Overview

Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine bends sideways in an unusual "S" or "C" shape. When you look at the back of the spine, it doesn't look straight. Instead, it bends and may even turn, which can make your shoulders or hips uneven. Scoliosis usually starts in childhood or adolescence, especially during growth spurts. However, adults can also get it if their spine starts to break down. Scoliosis can be very mild, with only a few curves that don't cause much trouble, or very severe, with deformations that make it hard to move, stand up straight, and even breathe in some cases. Early detection is crucial to inhibit progression.

Symptoms
The severity of the curve determines the symptoms of scoliosis. There may be no noticeable symptoms of mild scoliosis. More serious cases can cause shoulders, waists, or hips to be uneven, one shoulder blade to stick out more than the other, and an uneven posture. Some people have back pain, tired muscles, or stiff muscles. In extreme cases, chest compressions can make breathing harder and reduce lung capacity.

Causes
Idiopathic scoliosis is a type of scoliosis in which the cause is usually unknown. Other causes are spinal abnormalities that are present at birth, neuromuscular disorders like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, and degeneration of the spine that happens with age. A family history may raise the risk. Bad posture doesn't cause scoliosis, but it can make the pain worse.

Diagnosis
A physical exam, including assessment of posture and spinal alignment, is the first step in diagnosing. Tests that require bending forward can help detect asymmetry. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the spinal curvature. It is important to regularly monitor the curve's progress, especially in growing kids.

Treatment 
The patient's age, the severity of the curve, and the risk of progression all affect the treatment. For mild scoliosis, all that may be needed is regular checkups. Bracing is often suggested for kids who are still growing to keep their curves from getting worse. Physical therapy can help you stand up straighter and balance your muscles better. Surgery may be needed to straighten and stabilize the spine in cases of severe or progressive scoliosis. Treating early leads to better long-term results.