Overview

Tendon injuries occur when the tough, fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones and allow joints to move are injured. These injuries can range from mild swelling to partial or complete tears. People who do the same thing over and over again or play sports are more likely to get tendon injuries in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle. They can happen slowly over time from excessive use or suddenly after a strong movement. It can take a long time for tendons to heal because they don't receive much blood flow. To regain strength, keep joints moving, and avoid long-term pain or weakness, it is important to diagnose problems early and treat them correctly.

Symptoms
Localized pain, tenderness, and swelling around the injured area are signs of a tendon injury. Pain usually gets worse when you move or do something and better when you rest. You may feel stiff and weak, and have trouble with certain movements. People with a tendon tear may experience sudden, sharp pain, a snapping sensation, or immediate weakness and loss of function.

Causes
Repetitive strain, overuse, or sudden excessive force are all common causes of tendon injuries. Bad technique in sports, insufficient warm-up, muscle imbalances, and age-related tendon degeneration all increase the risk. Repetitive movements at work can also make things worse. Some medications, past injuries, and systemic conditions like diabetes can make tendons weaker and more likely to get hurt.

Diagnosis
A doctor's visit and a review of the patient's medical history are used to make a diagnosis. Ultrasound or MRI scans can help confirm inflammation, partial tears, or complete ruptures. X-rays may be used to rule out other bone injuries or calcification near the tendon.

Treatment
The severity of the injury will determine how it is treated. Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, and changing activities are all ways to treat mild cases. Physical therapy can help you regain your strength and flexibility. It might be a good idea to use bracing or supportive taping. Severe tendon tears usually require surgery, followed by a structured rehabilitation program. To avoid getting hurt again, it's important to gradually return to your normal activities.

Most tendon injuries improve with prompt treatment and rehabilitation. Depending on how bad it is, recovery could take weeks or even months. Proper conditioning, ergonomic techniques, and regular stretching help keep tendons healthy and reduce the risk of injury.