Overview

Colonoscopy is a test that examines the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum to detect and treat problems. A colonoscope, which is a long, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end, is used to do it. The doctor can see on a monitor that things aren't normal, like polyps, inflammation, bleeding, or tumours. Colonoscopy is a common way to check for colorectal cancer and look into gastrointestinal symptoms. It is usually performed in a hospital or an outpatient endoscopy centre, while the patient is sedated to ensure they are comfortable.

Why It's Done
Colonoscopy is done to find out what's causing symptoms like rectal bleeding, diarrhoea or constipation that won't go away, unexplained abdominal pain, anaemia, or changes in bowel habits. It is also suggested as a regular test for colorectal cancer, especially for people over 45 or who have a family history of colon cancer. If polyps are found early, they can be taken out before they turn into cancer.

What to Expect?
You need to prepare your bowels before a colonoscopy so that the colon is clear. The day before the procedure, patients eat only clear liquids and take laxatives as directed. You may need to change your medications, especially if you take blood thinners. To make the procedure more comfortable, sedation is given. The colonoscope is carefully put into the rectum and moved through the colon. To make the colon easier to see, air or carbon dioxide is added to it. The doctor examines the lining closely and may take biopsies or remove polyps if necessary. It usually takes 20 to 40 minutes to do the procedure. Patients are monitored until the sedative wears off. You might feel mild bloating or cramping for a short time.

Recovery & Outlook
Most patients recover quickly and go home the same day. Because of the sedation, you shouldn't drive for 24 hours. Colonoscopy is a safe and useful way to find and stop colorectal cancer early.