Overview
A thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is used in diagnostic endoscopy to look inside the digestive tract. This is a minimally invasive procedure. The device has a camera and a light source that send images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to see any problems. If the area being looked at is the upper GI tract, it is called upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy). If it is the lower GI tract, it is called lower GI endoscopy (colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy). Endoscopy can diagnose inflammation, ulcers, bleeding, tumours, or structural problems. It is often performed in a hospital or outpatient setting and usually doesn't require major surgery.
Why It’s Done
People get diagnostic endoscopy to find out what's wrong when they have symptoms such as long-lasting stomach pain, trouble swallowing, heartburn that won't go away, unexplained weight loss, bleeding in the stomach, or changes in bowel habits. It lets you see the lining of the digestive system directly, which can help doctors determine whether you have gastritis, ulcers, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or cancer. Finding something early makes treatment more effective.
What to Expect
Patients may be asked to fast for a few hours before the procedure. To get ready for a lower GI endoscopy, you need to take laxatives to clear out your colon. A review of medications and medical history is done. During the procedure, people usually receive mild sedation to ensure they are comfortable. For an upper GI exam, the endoscope is carefully put through the mouth; for a colonoscopy, it is put through the rectum. Adding air can make the area bigger so that you can see better. The doctor examines the lining closely and may take small tissue samples (biopsies) if necessary. The process usually takes between 15 and 45 minutes. Patients are then watched until the sedation wears off. You might feel mild throat bloating or pain for a short time.
Recovery & Outlook
Most patients go home the same day and recover quickly. Most of the time, you can resume your normal activities within 24 hours. Diagnostic endoscopy is a safe and useful tool that helps detect and correctly diagnose digestive problems early.