Overview

ERCP is a specialized endoscopic procedure that doctors use to find and treat problems with the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and pancreatic ducts. It uses both endoscopy and X-ray imaging to see these structures. An endoscope is a flexible tube that goes through the mouth and into the stomach and small intestine. Then, a contrast dye is injected into the bile or pancreatic ducts, allowing detailed images to be obtained. ERCP differs from regular diagnostic endoscopy in that it is often therapeutic, meaning it can also remove stones, place stents, or relieve blockages. A trained gastroenterologist usually does it in a hospital.

Why It's Done
We do ERCP to check for and treat problems like bile duct stones, strictures, tumours, pancreatitis, or jaundice that doesn't have a clear cause. It is especially helpful when imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, show that the bile or pancreatic ducts are blocked. The procedure can clear the blockage, remove stones, or place stents to restore normal bile flow. Early intervention can help prevent problems like infections or severe inflammation.

What to Expect?
Patients are told not to eat or drink anything for a few hours before ERCP. A review of medications and allergies is performed, with particular attention to blood thinners. To make sure the patient is comfortable during the procedure, they are given sedation or general anaesthesia. The endoscope is inserted into the mouth and then guided to the small intestine. A thin tube is put into the bile or pancreatic duct, and contrast dye is injected for imaging. Small tools might be used to remove stones, widen narrowed ducts, or put in stents if necessary. The procedure usually takes between 30 and 60 minutes. After that, the patients are watched until the sedation wears off. You might have a mild sore throat or feel bloated for a short time.

Recovery & Outlook
Most patients go home the same day they wake up from sedation. It is common to feel mild discomfort, but it usually goes away quickly. When performed promptly, ERCP is highly effective in treating ductal blockages and preventing serious complications.