Overview

Polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove polyps from the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, most often from the colon during a colonoscopy. Polyps are abnormal tissue growths that may be harmless, but they can become cancerous over time. Taking them out early greatly lowers the chance of getting colorectal cancer. An endoscope with specialized tools, such as a wire loop (snare) or forceps, is usually used to perform a polypectomy. The procedure doesn't require any external incisions and is usually performed in an outpatient setting. The tissue removed is sent to a lab to determine whether it is cancerous or precancerous.

Why It's Done
Polypectomy is done to stop colorectal cancer and to treat symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits that are caused by polyps. Screening colonoscopies often detect polyps before they cause symptoms. Taking them out early gets rid of the chance that they will turn into cancer. The procedure serves both preventive and therapeutic purposes.

What to Expect?
If the polypectomy is performed during a colonoscopy, the bowel must be prepared beforehand. Patients eat only clear liquids and take the laxatives their doctor prescribes. Sedation is given to make the procedure more comfortable. The colonoscope passes through the rectum, and when it finds a polyp, special tools are used to remove it. Forceps can be used to remove small polyps, while a snare that cuts the polyp and may use cautery to stop bleeding can be used to remove larger ones. It usually takes between 20 and 45 minutes. Patients are watched until the sedation wears off after that. You might have mild bloating or spotting for a short time.

Recovery & Outlook
Most patients go home the same day and can resume normal activities within 24 hours. Polypectomy is a safe and effective way to prevent cancer from happening. If the biopsy results suggest it, regular follow-up colonoscopies may be needed.